Solar Battery

Solar cell application industry

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Solar cell market demand

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Overview of the Solar Energy Industry Chain

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Types of solar cells

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	Single crystal	Polycrystalline	Compound	Amorphous	Copper Indium Gallium Selenide	Organic Department	Other compounds semiconductor
Main ingreadient	c-Si	poly-Si	GaAs / InP	a-Si/a-SiC/ a-SiGe	CuInSe2	TiO2/Dye	CdTe
Battery conversion efficiency	14%~24%	11%~17%	18%~40%	8%~13%	10%~12%	7%	10%~12%
Module conversion efficiency	10%~16%	9%~12%	10%~25%	6%~9%	8%~10%	-	8%~10%
Cost per watt	$ 3	$ 2.8	>$ 10	$ 1.2	about $ 0.6	-	-
Main application areas	Land and space power	Land power	Land power	Terrestrial power consumption	Terrestrial power consumption	-	Terrestrial power consumption
Energy payback period	2.1 years	2.3 years	-	1.6 years	More than 6 months	More than 1 year	-
Advantage	1. Durable 2. High performance	1. Simple process 2. Lower cost 3. Can be mass produced	1. High barriers to entry 2. Super high performance	1. Simple operation process 2. Low material cost	1. Good expiration date 2. Low cost 3. The highest efficiency among thin film batteries 4. Easy process	1. Easy process 2. Low cost	1. Mature development 2. Thin and light
Disadvantage	1. Low barriers to entry 2. Higher manufacturing cost	1. Low barriers to entry 2. Low conversion efficiency	Need to use complex and expensive tracking system.	1. Performance degradation 2. Low induced electricity 3. Low conversion efficiency	1. The process is not standardized 2. Limited indium reserves	1. Short use time 2. Low conversion efficiency	1. Tellurium reserves are limited 2. Cadmium has pollution problems 3. Higher cost

Comparison table of silicon thin film and compound semiconductor thin film solar cells

	Silicon film Amorphous	Compound semiconductor
	Silicon film Amorphous	CdTe	CIGS
Main ingreadient	Silicon	Tellurium and cadmium compounds	Copper, indium, gallium, selenium compounds
Raw material characteristics	The main raw material is silyl methane, which is used in a small amount and can be easily supplied.	Tellurium is a minority metal and it is difficult to cope with the massive market demand. Cadmium and tellurium are toxic metals, which are easily restricted by environmental protection laws and regulations.	Gallium and selenium are a few metals, and it is difficult to meet the large demand in the market. Cadmium sulfide buffer layer is potentially toxic.
Commonly used film forming technology	Sputtering (not yet mass industrial production) Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)	Evaporating, suitable for a variety of rapid film forming technology	Sputtering + Evaporating
Light absorption capacity	Limited absorbable spectrum	Wide light absorption range	Wide light absorption range
Energy gap range	1.1 eV ~1.7eV	1.45eV	1.02 eV ~1.68eV
Light absorption layer thickness	0.2~0.5μm	1μm	<1μm
Commercial conversion efficiency	5%~14.0%	8.5%~20.1%	10%~20.4%
Power generation stability	There is light exhaustion and poor stability, which can be improved by tandem technology.	No light exhaustion phenomenon, good stability.	No light exhaustion phenomenon, good stability.

Solar cell manufacturing process

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Dahyoung - Coating Solutions for Solar Cells

Anti-reflective film (VIS/NIR)-Design material: SixNy, SiO2, can be adjusted/optimized according to requirements
Multi-angle color filter-design material: SixNy, SiO2, 5~30 degree angles are all orange, can be adjusted/optimized according to needs

Dahyoung: two-stage reactive sputtering process

Dahyoung: Film results

2021-03-24

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