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A beam splitter is an optical thin film that divides incident light into reflected and transmitted components. It is used for image splitting, optical path control, and interference measurement. Based on characteristics, beam splitters are classified into neutral splitting (fixed ratio, used in dual-camera systems), dichroic splitting (wavelength-dependent separation, used in multispectral imaging), and polarization splitting (polarization-dependent, used in optical measurements). Neutral beam splitters can be metallic types (such as silver or aluminum, simple process but higher light loss) or multilayer interference types; dichroic and polarization beam splitters mostly adopt multilayer interference structures, alternately stacking materials like TiO₂ and SiO₂ through evaporation or sputtering to precisely control splitting and spectral response.
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