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Color filters use alternating layers of high and low refractive index materials (such as TiO₂ and SiO₂) based on quarter-wave stack principles to selectively reflect specific color bands while transmitting others. They are applied in image sensing, color separation, and spectral control.
According to functionality, they are classified into single-band filters (separating pure colors like red, green, and blue), dual-band filters (such as ultraviolet and infrared blocking), and mixed-band filters (reflecting a range of mixed colors). By increasing the number of layers or combining quarter-wave and half-wave stack designs, broadband and multi-band reflection filtering functions can be achieved.
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